¿Quién posee tu ciudad? Cómo los grandes propietarios de empresas utilizan las viviendas para ganar dinero

¿Por qué parece que los alquileres siempre están subeniendo? ¿Por qué el precio de la vivienda sigue subiendo cuando los salarios siguen siendo bajos en muchos países? ¿Por qué las ciudades construyen nuevos y brillantes bloques de pisos que luego se quedan vacíos? Mientras tanto, muchas personas tienen dificultades para encontrar una vivienda asequible y sigue aumentando el número de personas sin hogar. Los eurodiputados de los Verdes/ALE, Kim van Sparrentak y Ernest Urtasun, abren las puertas a la crisis de la vivienda en Europa y descubren quién controla realmente nuestros hogares.

El asunto se conoce como la “financiarización” de la vivienda. Significa que los grandes inversores institucionales o “propietarios corporativos” tienen una presencia cada vez mayor en nuestras ciudades. Las empresas de inversión pretenden comprar viviendas -desde bloques de pisos hasta apartamentos multifamiliares- y luego alquilarlas para obtener beneficios. Las viviendas se convierten en una forma de ganar dinero. Una inversión estable en vez de un hogar.

Los arrendadores corporativos se concentran sobre todo en las grandes ciudades europeas: desde París a Berlín, Madrid, Ámsterdam, Dublín y Copenhague. Pero el panorama es diverso. Los inversores también están presentes en ciudades más pequeñas, por ejemplo en los Países Bajos. A partir de estos gráficos y este mapa, puede hacerse una idea de dónde están los inversores y una estimación de la cantidad de dinero que hay en juego.

Aumento de los alquileres y del precio de la vivienda: ¿quién se beneficia realmente del mercado inmobiliario europeo?

En España, el mayor arrendador es una sola empresa llamada Blackstone. Blackstone es propietaria de 40.000 viviendas y del 40% de todas las viviendas propiedad de inversores institucionales en España. Cuando se debatieron las nuevas leyes de vivienda en España, Blackstone se opuso al objetivo del 30% de viviendas sociales en las carteras institucionales. Argumentaron que el gobierno debería pagar más en subvenciones para la vivienda social en lugar de asegurarse de que las empresas la proporcionen.

En Berlín, los propietarios corporativos, como Blackstone y otros, han ganado 40.000 millones de euros con los inmuebles de la ciudad. En París, unas 43 operaciones de inversión residencial ascendieron a al menos 14.000 millones de euros en la década comprendida entre 2011 y 2021. En Ámsterdam, Róterdam y La Haya juntas, se produjeron aproximadamente 120 operaciones por valor de 13.820 millones de euros entre 2013 y 2021 (y se trata de una estimación baja debido a la falta de datos).

Se trata de una historia de dos ciudades: una para los multimillonarios y otra para el resto de personas. Para los que viven y trabajan en las ciudades, el aumento de los alquileres y del precio de la vivienda supone gastar hasta un 40% o más de sus ingresos en alojamiento cada mes. El aumento de los precios de la energía encarece el coste de la calefacción de los hogares. Muchas personas están sufriendo las consecuencias. Mientras tanto, los inversores institucionales (los más importantes son los de fuera de la UE), que no viven en las viviendas que poseen, pueden obtener beneficios de ellas.

Impulsar el cambio: ¿cómo garantizar una vivienda asequible en la UE?

Es fácil sentirse impotente ante esta situación. Parece difícil imaginar cómo podría cambiar. Las ciudades y los gobiernos nacionales tienen un gran papel que desempeñar. Pero también lo tiene la Unión Europea. No solemos pensar en la vivienda como una cuestión europea, pero la normativa europea y las reglas financieras influyen en la forma en que los países pueden organizar sus reglas hacia los inversores.

Los responsables políticos europeos están empezando a tomar nota. Hay muchas formas en las que podrían ayudar a impulsar el cambio. Este cambio puede ayudarnos a crear casas y ciudades más asequibles para las personas y no para los beneficios de unos pocos.

Esto es lo que pueden hacer los responsables políticos europeos para ayudar a solucionar la crisis de la vivienda:

  • Organizar más reuniones periódicas de los ministros y ministras de vivienda y finanzas de la UE, para que puedan intercambiar ideas y trabajar juntos en la búsqueda de soluciones.
  • Dar a las ciudades más control sobre los alquileres a corto plazo, como el caso de AirBnB.
  • Evaluar cómo las normas de inversión dentro de la UE (la Unión de Mercados de Capitales), las normas bancarias a nivel europeo y otras normas financieras facilitan realmente a los inversores institucionales la compra de vivienda como activo. Y después cambiar estas normas.
  • Revelar quién posee realmente nuestras ciudades. Necesitamos más transparencia sobre la propiedad institucional de la vivienda.
  • Exigir a los inversores que rindan cuentas sobre el medio ambiente (en aspectos como la eficiencia energética y las rehabilitaciones)
  • Exigir a los inversores que rindan cuentas sobre las normas sociales (como el control de los alquileres y el arrendamiento a largo plazo) de los edificios que gestionan.

Estos son algunos de los cambios que nos gustaría ver en la Unión Europea. La Comisión Europea es responsable de proponer nuevas políticas y pueden ayudar a que esto ocurra.

El Gobierno francés ostenta actualmente la Presidencia del Consejo Europeo. Está organizando una reunión ministerial sobre vivienda en Niza los días 7 y 8 de marzo de 2022. Esta podría ser una oportunidad real para que los ministros establezcan su compromiso con las viviendas decentes y asequibles en esta reunión.

Mi casa es una clase de activo: un nuevo estudio de los Verdes/ALE sobre la financiarización de la vivienda

El Grupo de los Verdes/ALE en el Parlamento Europeo ha publicado un estudio (jueves, 27 de enero) que explora la “financiarización” de la vivienda en Europa, y lo que la UE puede hacer al respecto.

Para profundizar en el tema, encuentra más información aquí (en inglés):

Pourquoi avons-nous le sentiment que les loyers ne cessent d’augmenter ? Pourquoi les prix de l’immobilier continuent-ils d’augmenter alors que les salaires sont stables dans de nombreux pays ? Pourquoi les villes construisent-elles de nouvelles tours d’habitation qui restent ensuite vides ? Pendant ce temps, de nombreuses personnes ont du mal à trouver un logement abordable et le sans-abrisme est en augmentation. L’eurodéputé Verts/ALE Mounir Satouri lève le rideau sur la crise du logement en Europe pour révéler qui contrôle vraiment nos logements.

Le problème est connu sous le nom de « financiarisation » du logement. Les grands investisseurs immobiliers institutionnels ont une empreinte croissante sur nos villes. Les fonds d’investissement cherchent à acheter des logements – des immeubles d’appartements aux appartements multifamiliaux – puis à les louer pour réaliser un profit. Le logement devient un moyen de gagner de l’argent. Un investissement stable au lieu d’un logement.

Les investisseurs immobiliers institutionnels sont principalement concentrés dans les grandes villes européennes – de Paris à Berlin, Madrid, Amsterdam, Dublin et Copenhague. Mais leur activité est diversifiée : les investisseurs ont également un impact sur les petites villes, aux Pays-Bas par exemple. Grâce à ces graphiques et de cette carte, vous pouvez désormais obtenir une vue d’ensemble d’où se trouvent ces investisseurs et une estimation des sommes d’argent impliquées.

Hausse des loyers et des prix de l’immobilier : à qui profite vraiment le marché immobilier européen ?

En Espagne, le plus gros propriétaire est une seule entreprise, du nom de Blackstone. Blackstone possède 40 000 logements, soit 40 % de tous les logements appartenant à des investisseurs institutionnels en Espagne. Lors du débat sur les nouvelles lois espagnoles sur le logement, Blackstone s’est opposée à l’objectif d’allouer 30 % des parcs de logements institutionnels au logement social. Son argument ? Le gouvernement devrait, plutôt que de s’assurer que les investisseurs fournissent du logement social, payer des subventions supplémentaires pour celui-ci.

À Berlin, les investisseurs immobiliers institutionnels, comme Blackstone et d’autres, ont gagné 40 milliards d’euros sur le dos de l’immobilier dans la ville. À Paris, quelques 43 transactions d’investissement résidentiel ont atteint un total de 14 milliards d’euros au cours de la dernière décennie (2011 -2021). À Amsterdam, Rotterdam et La Haye réunis, il y a eu environ 120 transactions d’une valeur de 13,82 milliards d’euros entre 2013 et 2021 (et il s’agit d’une estimation basse en raison de lacunes dans les données).

Les villes ont deux réalités: celle des investisseurs et celle du reste d’entre nous. Pour celles et ceux qui vivent et travaillent dans les villes, la hausse des loyers et des prix des logements nous mène à dépenser jusqu’à 40 % ou plus de leurs revenus pour se loger chaque mois. La hausse des prix de l’énergie augmente les coûts de chauffage. Beaucoup des habitant-e-s des villes sont sous pression. Pendant ce temps, les investisseurs institutionnels (dont les plus grands viennent de l’extérieur de l’UE) possèdent des logements dans lesquels ils ne vivent pas mais dont ils tirent profit.

Obtenir un changement : comment pouvons-nous garantir le droit à un logement abordable dans l’UE ?

Cet état des lieux peut donner un sentiment d’impuissance. Comment cela pourrait-il changer? Les villes et les gouvernements nationaux ont un grand rôle à jouer. Et l’Union européenne aussi. Nous avons tendance à considérer le logement comme une question qui n’est pas européenne, mais les réglementations européennes et les règles financières ont un impact sur la manière dont les pays sont autorisés à organiser leurs règles vis-à-vis des investisseurs.

Les décideur-se-s européens commencent à s’en apercevoir. Il existe de nombreuses façons dont ils pourraient aider à pousser au changement. Ce changement peut nous aider à créer des maisons et des villes plus abordables. Pour les gens, pas pour le profit financier. Voici ce que les décideur-se-s politiques européens peuvent faire pour aider à résoudre la crise du logement :

  • Organiser des réunions plus régulières des ministres européen-ne-s du logement et des finances, afin qu’ils puissent échanger des idées et travailler ensemble pour trouver des solutions.
  • Donner aux villes plus de contrôle sur les locations à court terme comme AirBnB.
  • Évaluer comment les règles relatives aux investissements au sein de l’UE (l’Union des marchés des capitaux), les règles bancaires et autres règles financières à l’échelle européenne facilitent l’achat de logements en tant qu’actifs financiers par les investisseurs institutionnels. Puis corriger ces règles.
  • Révéler à qui appartiennent vraiment nos villes. Nous avons besoin de plus de transparence sur la propriété institutionnelle des logements.
  • Demander des comptes aux investisseurs en matière d’environnement (s’agissant d’efficacité énergétique et de rénovations par exemple)
  • Demander des comptes aux investisseurs en matière sociale (s’agissant du plafonnement des loyers et la location à long terme) pour les immeubles qu’ils gèrent.

Voilà certains des changements que nous voulons obtenir de la part de l’Union européenne. La Commission européenne est chargée de proposer de nouvelles politiques. Elle peut contribuer au changement.

Le gouvernement français assure actuellement la présidence du Conseil européen. Il organise une réunion ministérielle sur le logement, à Nice, les 7 et 8 mars 2022. Cette réunion pourrait être une vraie opportunité pour les ministres de préciser leur engagement pour un logement décent et abordable.

Ma maison est une classe d’actifs : une nouvelle étude Verts/ALE sur la financiarisation du logement

Le groupe des Verts/ALE au Parlement européen a publié une étude (jeudi 27 janvier) explorant la financiarisation du logement en Europe et ce que l’UE peut faire à ce sujet.

Pour vous renseigner sur ce sujet, vous trouverez plus d’informations ici :

Who (really) owns your city? How corporate landlords are using homes to make money

Who also feels like rents are always going up? Why do house prices keep rising when wages are flat in many countries? How are cities building shiny new tower blocks that then sit empty? And what are corporate landlords?

Meanwhile, many people are struggling to find affordable housing and homelessness is on the rise. Greens/EFA MEPs, Kim van Sparrentak and Ernest Urtasun, throw open the doors on Europe’s housing crisis and find out who’s really in control of our homes.

The issue is known as the ‘financialisation’ of housing.

It means that large, institutional investors or ‘corporate landlords’ have a growing footprint in our cities. Investment firms seek to purchase housing – from apartment blocks to multi-family apartments – and then rent them out to make a profit. Houses become a way of making money. A stable investment instead of a home.

Corporate landlords are mostly concentrated in Europe’s large cities – from Paris to Berlin, Madrid, Amsterdam, Dublin, and Copenhagen. But the picture is diverse. Investors also have a footprint in smaller towns, in the Netherlands for instance. From these graphs and this map, you can get a picture of where investors are and an estimate of how much money is involved.

Rising rents and house prices: who really profits from Europe’s housing market?

In Spain, the biggest corporate landlord is a single company called Blackstone. Blackstone owns 40,000 housing units and 40% of all institutional investor-owned housing in Spain. When Spain’s new housing laws were being debated, Blackstone opposed a 30% target for social housing in institutional portfolios. They argued that the government should pay extra in subsidies for social housing rather than making sure companies provide it.

In Berlin, corporate landlords, like Blackstone and others, have made €40 billion from real estate in the city. Similarly, In Paris, around 43 residential investment deals amounted to at least €14 billion in the decade between 2011 and 2021. In Amsterdam, Rotterdam and the Hague combined, there were approximately 120 deals amounting to €13,82 billion in value between 2013 and 2021 (and this is a low estimate due to data gaps).

This is a tale of two cities: one for corporate investors and one for the rest of us.

For those who live and work in cities, rising rents and house prices mean spending up to 40% or more of their income on accommodation each month. Rising energy prices are making the costs of heating homes higher. Many people are feeling the squeeze. Meanwhile, institutional investors (the biggest of which are from outside the EU) who don’t live in the homes they own, can mint a profit from them.

Pushing for change: how can we ensure affordable housing in the EU?

It’s easy to feel powerless in the face of this. It seems hard to imagine how it could change. Cities and national governments have a big role to play. But so does the European Union. We don’t tend to think of housing as being a European issue, but European regulations and financial rules do have an impact on how countries are allowed to organise their rules towards investors.

European policymakers are starting to take notice. There are lots of ways they could help push for change. This change can help us create more affordable homes and cities, for people not profit.

This is what European policymakers can do to help fix the housing crisis:

  • Organise more regular meetings of EU housing and finance ministers, so they can exchange ideas and work together to find solutions.
  • Give cities more control over short-term rentals like AirBnB.
  • Assess how the rules for investments within the EU (the Capital Markets Union), Europe-wide banking and other financial rules actually make it easier for institutional investors to buy up housing as an asset. And then fix these rules.
  • Reveal who really owns our cities. We need more transparency on institutional ownership of housing.
  • Hold investors and corporate landlords to account when it comes to the environment (things like energy efficiency and renovations)
  • Hold investors to account on social standards (like rent controls and long-term tenancy) of the buildings they run.

These are some of the changes we would like to see from the European Union. The European Commission is responsible for proposing new policies. They can help make this happen.

The French government has the Presidency of the European Council at the moment. They are organising a ministerial meeting on housing in Nice on 7th-8th March 2022. This could be a real chance for ministers to set out their commitment to decent and affordable homes at this meeting.

My home is an asset class: a new Greens/EFA study on the financialisation of housing

The Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament has published a study (Thursday, 27 January) exploring the financialisation of housing in Europe, and what the EU can do about it.

To dive deeper into the topic find more information here:

A greener Europe and better healthcare – recommendations from the Conference on the Future of Europe

An independent and randomly-selected panel of EU citizens has called for better climate protection and equal access to healthcare systems at the Conference on the Future of Europe. The recommendations, agreed last weekend, will be presented to politicians and decision-makers today. Greens/EFA MEPs, Eleonora Evi and Michèle Rivasi, ask that these demands be taken seriously.

EU citizens are being asked to help decide on the direction of the EU for the coming years in a project called the Conference on the Future of Europe (COFE).

A panel of 200 participants has clearly shown a marked desire for change. Many of their demands are in line with the issues that the Greens/EFA have been pushing for a long time. The EU must now deliver on the people’s demand for European democracy, climate protection and a better quality of life. Read on to find out what their demands are.

Farming and Food: We need a complete overhaul, European citizens say

The people at the Conference on the Future of Europe have asked for more small organic farms, more non-intensive farms and farms with short supply chains. Further, they are also in favour of more subsidies for organic farming and organic pesticides. They want a complete reversal of the EU’s current agriculture rules, known as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).

The citizens at the conference made clear that they want food to be made locally and to be more affordable. They felt that current prices don’t reflect the low impact of local, sustainable, food on the environment. For the same reasons, the Greens/EFA made exactly the same proposals on sustainable agriculture during the last reform of the CAP.

People at the conference insisted that everyone in the EU should have the right to good, seasonal food in schools, and they called it “a question of social -justice”. They want food production to be a part of education. Governments should promote urban gardening and gardens in schools.

Energy Production: EU citizens want more renewables and less greenwashing

When it comes to energy, the people at the Conference on the Future of Europe have asked for more financial investment to explore new eco-friendly sources of energy. These recommendations come at a time when the European Commission is trying to label fossil gas and nuclear power as “green” by adding them to the EU’s list of sustainable investments in the so-called EU taxonomy. (Sign our petition against the greenwashing of gas and nuclear energy.) Jen, from Sweden, says:

My main goal from the beginning was to talk about as many topics as possible but due to time limits I chose energy. I was more pessimistic about the EU before I came to the Conference on the Future of Europe.
Jens, from Sweden

Biodiversity at the Conference on the Future of Europe: Bring our nature back!

The people involved in the Conference on the Future of Europe recommended that we promote and protect Europe’s biodiversity. This includes mammals, birds, insects and plants. They said we should extend today’s nature conservation areas and make sure the protections are better enforced.

Furthermore, the citizens recognised the urgent need to reverse the degradation of our nature and restore our ecosystems. They called for a special focus to be given to the restoration of exploited or destroyed forests and areas with degraded soil. These recommendations are especially important as the European Commission will publish a new proposal for nature restoration soon and we have high expectations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that we need to preserve the fragile balance between humanity and nature. When we destroy the natural habitats of wild species, this can become a dangerous vehicle for zoonotic viruses.

One of the best things we can do for nature is to reduce the number of polluting cars on our roads.  Augustus, from Latvia, suggests:

I would really like the EU’s cycling routes infrastructure to be improved so I could safely bike from Riga to Warsaw for example
Augustus, from Latvia

Healthcare is a priority: We need better access for all

The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded us how important public health care is. It is no wonder that people are demanding better and equal access to health care agere across Europe.

People at the conference called for increased funding to the public health care system and more funding for research and innovation. They placed special focus on the need for better mental healthcare and sexual education.

Beyond an increase in research funding, or the establishment of a minimum wage for health care providers everywhere in Europe, European citizens also demand that private providers do not unfairly benefit from public funds and do not drain public health system resources. Therefore, a stronger public healthcare system also means better preparedness for future pandemics.

Just recently, the Greens/EFA managed to triple the EU funding to tackle cross-border health threats (such as the Corona pandemic) and for tools to strengthen our healthcare systems.

Sofia, from Spain, says:

One of the most important issues that has come up at the conference is access to health care for everyone. This means that no one should be denied access to health care because of the lack of resources
Sofia, from Spain

Let’s listen to the people at the Conference on the Future of Europe: The EU needs to step up and deliver

Citizens want better health care and a healthy environment. It is clear that the EU can and must do more to respond to these concerns.

The recommendations by EU citizens at the Conference on the Future of Europe confirms the trend in EU-wide opinion polls that people are in favour of consistent climate action. Their concern for the climate has been growing for years. Europe’s citizens are ready for a new start – in agriculture, energy, health and biodiversity.

We cannot let these proposals be ignored by the European Commission or be blocked by European governments. The President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, must take the voices of European citizens seriously. She must follow up these proposals with concrete actions and legislation, not empty words.

The Conference on the Future of Europe should be the EU’s finest hour of democracy. The people have spoken. The European Commission now needs to show them that it’s listening.

The Digital Services Act is coming. What will it mean for you?

The European Parliament has voted on a new law for online services, known as the Digital Services Act. Alexandra Geese MEP talks us through some of the problems of the digital age and what the Greens/EFA are doing to protect our fundamental rights.

We shop online, we bank online, we listen to music online. Since the COVID-19 pandemic struck, most of us now work online, chat with our friends on WhatsApp and take our exercise classes via Zoom. The last EU law to set out rules for online services was adopted in 2000 (the e-commerce directive). A lot has happened since then. Back in 2000, the world was still using ICQ and MSN Messenger. It’s safe to say the way we use the internet has changed dramatically.

The last couple of decades have seen the rise of a few giant online platforms. By now, it’s hard to imagine life without Facebook, Google and Amazon. And while millions of us use these services, it’s undeniable that they’ve shifted the balance of power.

Over half (57%) of all Europeans are on social media networks. And, in most EU countries, a majority of us get news from social media every day. Online platforms have a direct impact on our fundamental rights, our society and democracy.

These big changes have come with some big challenges. We’re all aware of the spread of disinformation. We all see the rise of hate speech and online harassment. New ways of influencing elections and votes. Manipulative features that trick us out of our data. Companies tracking our clicks and targeting ads based on what they think we’ll buy next. Fake traders selling scams or dangerous goods with no accountability.

Clearly, after more than 20 years, it is time for an updated European digital law.

What will the Digital Services Act do?

The Digital Services Act will tackle some of these challenges. New rules will clarify how illegal content is taken down. New transparency requirements for companies will help ensure products sold online are safe and that buyers can see exactly who they are buying from. It will also give us more control over what we see online and a real choice about whether to allow companies to advertise to us (and how). If done right, the Digital Services Act will make the internet both safer and fairer for all of us.

Of course, some of the new rules have been met with powerful opposition. The Greens/EFA have been fighting to protect our fundamental rights online. We want the EU to set a global  standard for regulating digital content.

The journey is far from over. We’ve managed to convince the European Parliament to adopt some powerful new rules into its version of the Digital Services Act. But, we still need to persuade European governments to take the changes on board during the upcoming negotiations with the Council of the European Union on the final law.

Read on to find out what we’ve managed include in the new Digital Services Act so far, and what it could mean for your daily life online.

Clear rules on surveillance advertising

What’s the issue?

“It’s so weird. Yesterday I said to my friend that I needed a new pair of Speedos, and now I’m seeing ads for Speedos everywhere I look”. Sound familiar?

Our personal info is valuable. Many platforms will do anything they can to get it. We’re being spied on. What we google. What we click on. How long we lingered on that website. How we answered that online quiz. It’s all used to create a detailed profile and target us with advertising. Online services and apps use privacy-intrusive default settings, misleading wording or choices hidden deep in a service’s interface that invade our privacy. We’re left unaware we’re being surveilled or why we’re being targeted for certain ads.

How can the Digital Services Act fix online advertising?

By banning surveillance advertising! This is what the Greens/EFA campaigned for, and we managed to achieve a partial ban. The European Parliament now officially supports a ban on surveilling minors for advertising purposes and for using any sensitive data, such as our sexual orientation or our political beliefs.

It’s shocking that we even need to say this but, crucially, children and minors should never be targeted for surveillance advertising. It’s good to know that a majority of the European Parliament is on our side here. (And, tech giants, before you even think about trying this: don’t collect additional data to identify children for the sole purpose of respecting this obligation. There, closed that loophole).

However, powerful conservative politicians are not on board. Tech giants have been heavily lobbying these MEPs to protect their business model over our right to privacy. (Join our campaign to help us pile on the pressure!)

We also managed to improve the rules on transparency around advertising. Platforms should tell us what settings they use to target us with ads and how to change those settings.

And, of course, we should have a fair choice to say no to surveillance advertising. It should be easy to switch it off. It shouldn’t be possible to trick internet users by making it harder to deny consent than to give it. Browser settings to deny consent should be mandatory.

Stopping online manipulation by banning ‘dark patterns’

What’s the issue?

Pop-up boxes asking “Are you sure you want to leave?”. Extra items appearing in our shopping basket. That opt-out button that we didn’t see. An eye-watering phone bill because we accidentally downloaded a dodgy app. Terms and conditions so long that we’d grow old and die trying to read it all. We’ve grown used to being annoyed on the internet, but these manipulative practices, known as ‘dark patterns’, should be a thing of the past.

How can the Digital Services Act fix dark patterns?

With a new set of rules designed to prevent ‘dark patterns’, based on Greens/EFA suggestions.

In the new Digital Services Act, online services should not be allowed to:

  • give more visual prominence to any of the consent options.
  • repeatedly ask a user for consent.
  • urge a user to change a setting or configuration.
  • make it difficult to cancel a service.
  • ask for consent even though the user has already objected via an automated tool (like a “Do Not Track” signal in the browser).

More control over what content we’re recommended

What’s the issue?

Why am I watching this?” It’s a familiar thought to anyone who has fallen down a video-streaming rabbit hole in the middle of the night. You start off watching a funny video about cats, and two hours later you’re shown something that makes you sit up. Big social media networks want you to keep watching and sharing their content. Their algorithms (the software that decides what to show you next) are designed to display content that is shocking, extreme or attention-grabbing. This fuels the spread of fake news. It helps hate speech go viral.

Most of the big social media networks use automated systems to recommend content or products. Think YouTube’s “Next Up” or Facebook’s “Groups you should join”. Online platforms have no legal requirement to be transparent about what recommender systems they are using or how they are using them to target people.

How can the Digital Services Act fix recommender systems?

First of all by making the use of them more transparent. Any platform’s recommender systems, regardless of their size, must transparently explain the main parameters for recommending content. Big online platforms should assess the risks and be held accountable for their use.

The Greens/EFA have been fighting for more transparency about the exact criteria that recommender systems use to target or to exclude users.

We want to allow users to modify recommender systems. Let’s say we want to get content presented in a different order. Very large online platforms have to provide at least one option that is not based on profiling.

Better reporting of hate speech and illegal content

What’s the issue?

There is no harmonised system allowing internet users to report illegal content – such as defamation and libel – when they come across it.

How can the Digital Services Act fix reporting systems?

By making reports conform to certain standards. Any report of illegal content should include important details like the digital location. Reports should be supported by evidence whenever possible.

Online platforms should have to send a detailed explanation to the person whose content they remove for being illegal or contrary to their terms and conditions. This will help people to complain in case of wrongful take-downs. The Greens/EFA successfully argued for content to be left online in cases of doubt while an assessment is done. Online platforms also have a duty to deal with reports quickly and in a fair, transparent and non-discriminatory way.

Holding platforms accountable for the way they moderate content

What’s the issue?

“I’m sure I posted a picture of Uncle Bob’s bald head yesterday and now I can’t find it”. You may have found that one of your social media posts was removed automatically, leaving you mystified as to what you did wrong.

Social media giants use automated tools to scan and moderate the content we post. An algorithm monitors each post for keywords and certain types of image or video, blocking or taking down content that does not pass through its filters. Users could also find themselves ‘shadowbanned’. They can still post and comment on a platform, but are unaware that the system is stopping their content from being visible to others.

This unfair system censors our free speech with no accountability. And what’s worse, those spreading hate speech will always find a way to sneak their posts past the algorithms and keep them going viral.

How can the Digital Services Act fix content moderation?

By putting it back in human hands. The  Greens/EFA successfully pushed for “human oversight” to double check that posts are being moderated accurately, transparently and fairly. Platforms can still use automated tools, but they are not allowed to scan and monitor every piece of content shared online.

Making it safer to buy online


What’s the issue?

No-one could have foreseen just how big online shopping was going to get. Many of us are choosing to buy groceries, clothes, gifts, cleaning products, household goods and even medicines over the internet. Consumer organisations have found that online marketplaces are full of risky and dangerous goods. Say it with us: hair dryers shouldn’t start fires.

When sellers sign up to sell via an online marketplace, there is nothing to stop them from entering a fake company name, fake address and fake contact details. The online platforms don’t check, and there are no consequences. It makes it impossible to track them down and hold them responsible for selling unsafe or broken items.

How can the Digital Services Act fix scammers and fake traders?

By introducing a ‘Know Your Business Customer’ obligation for online marketplaces. This will help to identify genuine and trustworthy traders, while preserving the anonymity of private users.

Understanding how social media algorithms are a threat to our democracy

What’s the issue?

In Europe, 80% of us use the internet on a daily basis. That’s a lot of clicks and a lot of google searches. It’s a lot of data. And data is worth dollars. But, more scarily, this data can be used to influence us. What we see online can influence what we think, what we do and who we vote for. It’s powerful, and right now no-one is watching what happens to our precious collective data. We don’t know who has it or what they plan to do with it. Big picture: this is a huge threat to our society and our democracy.

How can the Digital Services Act fix the lack of access to platform data?

By giving  researchers and civil society organisations (NGOs) access to the algorithms of major platforms like Google, Facebook and YouTube for the first time ever. They’ll be able to answer crucial questions for our digital future. How are profit-driven algorithms a danger to our democracy? How can we stop public discourse from being radicalised?  We can use these answers to establish better rules to protect our democracy.

We won’t have to rely on whistleblowers because other organisations will be watching. The Greens/EFA fought hard to make sure that NGOs are also granted access to platform data.

Big online platforms will no longer be able to play russian roulette with our fundamental rights. Before rolling out any new service, tech giants will have to carry out a risk assessment under the watchful eye of independent agencies. The risk assessment will need to look at how the platform’s algorithm could spread content that is harmful to children, human dignity, privacy, media freedom and public discourse.

This is a massive win for our rights, our freedoms and a safer internet for everyone.

  • The vote on the Digital Services Act in the European Parliament took place on 20th January 2022. After this, negotiations will begin with ministers from European governments to agree to the final text of the law. 
  • Join our campaign to help us defend our digital rights and fight for a fair and safer internet for everyone.

Climate activists: The EU Taxonomy is a financial and environmental threat to younger generations and we will not accept it

Anyone would have thought that the year 2021 could not get any worse. But, late last year, the European Commission had one last disappointing Christmas present for the planet. Just before the clock struck midnight on New Year’s Eve, they published the draft for the new law on sustainable investments (known as the EU taxonomy) and quietly tried to include gas and nuclear power on this list.

Perhaps they thought we wouldn’t notice? They were wrong.

Quickly, youth activists from Fridays For Future and Youth For Climate organised a protest in front of the European Commission building in Brussels. Sneaking dirty energy onto a list of sustainable investments is the worst kind of greenwashing. We told the EU Commission that we do not want their dirty present.

What is the EU taxonomy?

The European Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities is a list that defines which investments should be considered green and sustainable investments… and which ones not. There is a very simple set of rules to determine what can be on the EU taxonomy list:

Step 1. The activity must achieve one or more of the following benefits to be labelled as “green”:

  • Climate change mitigation (stopping greenhouse gasses emissions that created and are exacerbating the climate crisis);
  • Climate change adaptation (measures to help with the consequences of the climate emergency);
  • Protection or restoration of biodiversity;
  • Improvement of the circular economy;
  • Pollution prevention and control;
  • Sustainable management of water resources.

Step 2. It must not do significant harm.

Pretty clear, right? But the European Commission managed to ignore their own rules by adding both fossil gas and nuclear power to the “green” mix.

Why did the European Commission add fossil fuel to the EU taxonomy of sustainable activities?

It’s under pressure from national governments. European countries who clearly want to invest in new fossil gas power plants – such as Germany and Italy – agreed with the French President, Emmanuel Macron, to pressure the European Commission to include both fossil gas and nuclear energy in the taxonomy. With national elections coming up in France, Macron is under a lot of political pressure to promote investment in nuclear energy. And, of course, the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, agreed with their petty interests.

But why is fossil gas not sustainable?

Once more for the people in the back: Leave. Fossils. Fuels. In. The. Ground.

We’ve said it ‘til we’re blue in the face, but it looks like EU leaders still don’t want to listen to the facts. The planet’s resources are finite. They take millions of years to replenish. We can’t keep burning them just to make rich fossil fuel companies even richer. Not when renewable alternatives exist!

According to the European Commission itself, fossil gas consumption must be reduced by 32-37% by 2030. This is one of their own climate goals. It’s even listed in the EU’s “Fit For 2030” package of climate laws (also known as “FitFor55”). At the same time, they’re defining gas as a “transitional energy”, with the condition that permits for new gas plants are granted by the end of 2030. This is just one of many contradictions in the EU taxonomy.


Even the European Investment Bank (EIB) has announced that it will not put any more money into gas because it is simply not cost effective. Fossil gas is the second largest source of energy in Europe but we buy 90% of it from other countries, such as Russia. We pay so much for it that many European citizens are now suffering from energy poverty.

Climate targets will make investments in gas increasingly disadvantageous. Continuing to fund fossil fuels is an incredible waste of money. And, guess who’ll have to pay for it? The same generations that will have to face the consequences of the climate emergency that the EU is failing to fight.

Climate activists agree: the European Commission cannot get away with a misleading EU taxonomy

On January 13th, youth activists from all over Europe protested with two handcrafted fossil gas plant cooling towers provided by Greenpeace. They were painted green, exactly as the European Commission is doing to greenwash gas plants right now.

This can still be stopped. We have four months to convince at least 353 Members of the European Parliament to block this EU taxonomy.

Will you help us? Spread the word. Join a protest (or organise one!). Write to your MEPs. And don’t lose hope. We will not accept this scam. Not for our generation and not for the ones to come.

Let’s listen to the people: Citizens demand stronger democracy and fundamental EU reform

An independent panel of EU citizens has called for the European Union to be more democratic. As part of the Conference on the Future of Europe (COFE), EU citizens are being asked to help decide on the direction of the EU for the coming years. Greens/EFA MEPs Daniel Freund, Gwen Delbos-Corfield and Damian Boeselager explain how the project works and argue that the EU must trust its citizens by following through on their demands.

Last weekend, 200 randomly-selected European citizens decided on strong recommendations for EU reform. It’s the first time a representative panel of citizens from every EU country, assembled by randomised telephone calls, has deliberated on and made recommendations directly to politicians.

The EU Citizens’ Panel, formed as part of the Conference on the Future of Europe, emphasized that they want a stronger, more democratic Europe that defends its values. They also called for work to begin on a European constitution. The recommendations show that the people of Europe want more democracy, better enforcement of European values and more investment in a fairer economy.

The panel was made up of 200 strangers, all total newcomers to the complex world of EU politics. They gathered over three weekends and put together their proposals in a spirit of serious and friendly deliberation. Seeing people from different countries coming together to dream about a fairer and greener future for the EU is truly inspiring. And that’s why it’s so important that we take these proposals seriously.

It is the duty of European and national politicians to turn these recommendations into laws. The Conference on the Future of Europe was an invitation to our citizens to shape the future of the EU, and so their proposals must be properly implemented. The Greens/EFA Group has always believed in the power of democracy, and we will keep pushing to make sure that the people of Europe are taken seriously.

What changes do citizens want from the EU?

The Citizens’ Panel on democracy, rights, rules of law and security called for several ground-breaking recommendations to be carried out by the EU:

  • European public investment to create good jobs and improve the quality of life across the EU. And incentive schemes for companies to create childcare services at work.
  • Tax Justice: Large companies should be properly taxed, and tax havens in the EU abolished.
  • Independent media should be better protected and financially supported.
  • Tougher measures against EU member states who violate the rule of law. The current rules to freeze EU funding only apply if there’s a threat to the EU budget, but citizens feel this is not enough.
  • A “European Vote”, meaning that European Parties would create lists with candidates from all over Europe (also known as “transnational lists”). EU citizens would then be able to vote for a European list in addition to the national and regional constituencies that exist currently.
  • A European Constitution that protects democracy and fundamental rights and is voted on by the people of Europe.
  • A solution to the problem with unanimity in votes in the Council of Ministers. Currently only one country can veto all the other countries from moving forward with new EU laws. If necessary, this could mean amending the EU Treaties.
  • More assemblies of randomly selected EU citizens to help solve complex problems, with an obligation for politicians to comply with their recommendations or explain why they did not.

What happens next? Politicians must reply to EU citizens’ demands

On Friday 17 December, representatives of the Citizens’ Panel will present their recommendations to the working groups of the Future of Europe Conference. This is where representatives of the EU institutions and national parliaments will give their initial feedback on the people’s proposals. It will be a key litmus test to see how seriously the other political forces are taking them.

On 22 January 2022, the citizens’ recommendations will be debated publicly for the first time in the “plenary session” of the Future of Europe Conference.

By February, three more Citizens’ Panels will vote on their recommendations and also present them in the Conference plenary.

In March, the Conference on the Future of Europe will begin discussing a draft declaration, with the involvement of citizens but also of other EU and national politicians. The conference is supposed to decide on its conclusions in May 2022.

For the final declaration to be adopted, it will need the approval of the European Parliament, European Council and European Commission and also of national parliamentarians in the Conference Plenary.

Big profits should mean fair taxes: the EU’s minimum tax rules need to be stronger to achieve tax justice

A new proposal on European minimum taxation is released today (22/12) by the European Commission. Our Greens/EFA MEPs Kira Peter-Hansen, Ernest Urtasun, Claude Gruffat, Damien Carême explain what’s included in the new plans and where they fall short of the changes needed to achieve tax justice.

New plans, released today by the European Commission, lay out the next steps needed to carry through on the recently agreed global tax deal for the world’s largest multinational companies.

At the end of October,  137 countries agreed on a minimum effective tax on multinationals after years of negotiations. The deal sets out a minimum tax of 15% for corporations with a yearly revenue of €750 million. This will directly impact the largest multinationals in the world.

What will a minimum tax rate change?

What this means in practice is that there would no longer be any incentive for a large German car manufacturer to shift profits to a country that has a lower effective tax rate, as Germany would tax the difference. The aim is to stop countries from ‘racing to the bottom’ by lowering their tax thresholds.

Large multinational companies in the EU are making millions in profits each year. Thanks to the differing tax rules in every country they’re able to pick and choose how much tax they pay. This means that they often shift profits to countries with very low tax rates. This means taxpayers are losing out. Giant companies take all the benefits of trading in the EU without giving back their fair share. Companies making huge profits should pay fair taxes.

The Greens/EFA wanted to see more ambition from this international tax deal. We strongly advocated for a minimum tax rate of 21%, in support of the Biden administration in the US. Unfortunately, this opportunity was lost during the international negotiations. Pressured by tax havens, the rate was lowered to 15% and part of the profits were made exempt from the minimum tax rate. Some EU member states were at the forefront of watering down the ambition in the deal. This raises questions about the EU’s requirement for a unanimous vote on tax matters. Right now, the threat of a single veto means that individual EU countries are able to water down international agreements despite opposition from other EU member states.

What happens next? The Commission’s proposal on European Minimum Taxation

Now all eyes are on the European Commission’s proposal. The same EU countries that helped to water down the international deal now stand ready to use their veto power against any attempt to increase minimum tax by the European Commission. In reality, the European Commission has the power to go beyond the agreed deal and propose minimum tax rules for the EU that are both stronger and more effective than the global minimum.

They could lower the threshold of €750 million in profits and target more multinational companies. They could also disregard the exemptions on certain profits when applying the minimum tax rules within the EU. This would significantly increase the effectiveness of the minimum tax.

Is European Minimum Taxation the path towards tax justice?

A European minimum tax is certainly a necessary step in the right direction, but the current plans will need to be significantly strengthened if we want to achieve tax justice. At the very least, the minimum tax should apply to more multinational companies and to all profits.

Tax justice is democratic justice. Stalling this deal and blocking its implementation only benefits European tax havens and business lobbyists.

EU countries such as Estonia, Hungary and Ireland attract profits by offering tax exemptions to large corporations. Business lobbyists have already mobilised to protect the benefits they get from countries competing aggressively against each other to lower tax rates at the expense of tax revenues. We cannot allow them to win and destroy any ambition for tax justice.

What needs to change on European Taxation?

We need to see a change on tax in the EU. The European Commission and the French presidency of the European Council must strive for the highest ambition when introducing the minimum tax in the EU. We cannot allow a few EU countries to block the needed progress in tax matters in 2022.

If needs be, the EU treaties offer the tools for the Commission to use a legal base that does not require a unanimous vote. If it’s not willing to use it, then European member states with more ambition should further their cooperation and move forward together.

This is the first step to achieve some form of tax justice across the EU. If we want to see this happen, we must spare no effort.

Feminist, fierce and fossil-free: Meet 5 feminist game-changers to watch in 2022

This year wasn’t an easy one for any of us. But we’ve been inspired by some truly incredible people who have been fearlessly fighting for the rights of women, gender diverse people and our planet. During the 16 Days of Activism against gender-based violence, we reached out to some of our favorite feminists to find out their hopes for a feminist and fierce future free from fossil fuels. 

Whether in the streets or in government – each of them are fighting for a feminist future in their own way. But what gives them hope for 2022?

Line: “Climate activism is run by girls, trans and non-binary people around the world.”

Line Niedeggen has been an activist for global climate justice at Fridays For Future Germany since 2019. She was among the activists who led the major climate strikes in Heidelberg. At Fridays for Future, she works on national strategy and public relations with a special focus on intersectionality.

What made you start identifying a feminist? Share the story with us!

Growing up, I never questioned my ability to become anything I wanted to be. But as I grew older, the world seemed to keep questioning me. I get treated differently. My expertise is often not taken seriously. Looking at the relationship between climate and gender, we know that FLINTA* (Female, Lesbian, Intersex, Trans and Agender and anyone who is structurally oppressed in a cispatriarchal society) people are more heavily affected by climate change. Discrimination intensifies in crisis situations. Logically, fighting for climate justice means breaking down patriarchal structures.

If you could give one piece of advice to make climate activism and advocacy better for women and gender diverse people, what would it be?

Climate activism is run by girls, trans and non-binary people around the world. Joining our struggles, standing in solidarity with each other and building feminist structures in our local activist groups will make our fight sustainably empowering!

Petra: “When we join forces, we can truly achieve a feminist future.” 

Petra De Sutter is the Deputy Prime Minister of Belgium. She is also the Belgian Minister for Public Administration, Public Enterprises, Telecommunications and Postal Services. Before getting into politics, Petra worked as a gynecologist and fertility specialist. Petra is a champion for women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights, for refugee rights and for people from the LGBTI community.

©Jesse De Meulenaure

What gives you hope for a feminist future?

The energy and the inspiration of young people. So many young people are committed to climate justice and social justice. They are fighting for gender equality. Young people are shaping their own future and making it equal. When we join forces, we can truly achieve a feminist future. This gives me hope that our work for a fair society will only get more support.

Tell us your biggest feminist policy goal in 5 words!

Sexual and reproductive rights for every person.

Kim: “It’s not up to individuals to fight against injustices on their own. We need to change society.”

Kim van Sparrentak is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in the Greens/EFA Group. Kim is a strong advocate for LGBTIQ+ rights and all things related to digital rights and the online space. 

What made you start identifying a feminist? Share the story with us!

I started identifying as a feminist when I became active in the Federation of Young European Greens. I realised that women and queer people were facing the same struggles everywhere. This really opened my eyes that it’s a systemic issue. It’s not up to individuals to fight against injustices on their own. We need to change society. When I joined the fight to change patriarchal structures with other intersectional feminists, that’s when I started callling myself a feminist.

Who is your ultimate feminist icon?

Tarana Burke, the person who started the #MeToo movement. For me, Tarana exemplifies a true feminist icon. She has done so much important work in her own community, bringing tangible change to women who suffered from sexual violence. Ultimately, she’s inspired the entire world to speak up. 

She became an icon because of hard work and dedication. It really shows that people at all levels can make change in their own communities.

Fatim: “When attacks happen against women in politics, I make it a point to show up and defend them”

Fatim Diarra is the Chair of Helsinki City Council where she advocates for the rights of women and minorities. Her priorities are climate change, education, equality and anti-racism. Fatim is also the Chair of the Feminist Association Unioni, Finland’s oldest women’s rights organisation. 

©Satu Mali


If you could give one piece of advice to make your field of work better for women and gender diverse people, what would it be?

Let’s be there for each other. For me, it is an honor to support and be there for other women and gender diverse people in politics. When coordinated attacks happen against women in politics, I make it a point always to show up and defend my colleagues.  

What gives you hope for a feminist future? 

Social media! I feel like our collective efforts for feminism are growing as we connect to each other by social media. 

Margaux: “The exploitation of minority groups and of the Earth is a common problem”

Margaux De Ré is a Member of the Brussels Parliament and the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. She’s active in the areas of economy, employment and digital, gender equality, culture and media. Margaux’s ambition is to contribute to a more inclusive, more altruistic society, where everyone feels good and free to build a future for themselves.

We’re now in the middle of #16DaysofActivism against gender-based violence. What example of feminist activism has inspired you?

I am inspired and empowered by activism which combines environmental ethics with feminism. We live in a world where all fights are one. For this reason, the exploitation of minority groups and of the Earth as a common problem, with deep roots in the sexist, capitalist and colonialist mindset of violating instead of preserving and growing together. The change I want to be a part of is moving towards a society which recognises women and nature as fundamental and irreplaceable parts of humanity. We may walk under different conditions of opportunity, but we’re all going in the same direction.

Tell us your biggest feminist policy goal in 5 words!

From school to retirement, more autonomy for women!